LEADERSHIP PAPER

Bahasa Indonesia
BAB I

A.    PENDAHULUAN

Dalam kenyataannya kepemimpinan dapat mempengaruhi moral dan kepuasan kerja, keamanan, kualitas kehidupan kerja dan terutama tingkat prestasi suatu organisasi. Para pemimpin juga memainkan peranan keritis dalam membuntuk kelompok, organisasi, atau masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuan mereka. Kemudian timbul pertanyaan : Apa yang membuat seorang pemimpin efektif ?. hamper semua orang, bila diajukan pertanyaanitu akan menjawab bahwa pemimpin yang efektif mempunyai sifat – sifat atau kualitas tertentu yang diinginkan. Sebagai contoh, karisma, berpandangan kedepan, intensitas dan keyakinan diri. Hal itu akan menjadi salah satu topik bahasan dalam bab ini.

                Bagaimana juga, kemampuan dan keterampilan kepemimpinen dalampengarahan adalah factor penting efektifitas manajer. Bila organisasi dapat mengidentifisikan kualitas – kualitas yang berhubungan dengan kepemimpinan, kemampuan untuk menyeleksi pemimpin – pemimpin efektif akan meningkat. Dan bila organisasi dapat mengidentifikasikan perilaku dan teknik – teknik kepemimpinan efektif, organisasi barang kali dapat mempelejeri berbagai perilaku dan teknik tersebut, oleh karna itu akan dicapai pengembangan efektif personalia dan organisasi.

                           

BAB II

B.     KERANGKA TEORI

Kepemimpinan adalah bagian penting manejemen, tetapi tidak sama dengan manajemen. Kepemimpinan merupakan kemampuan yang dipunyai seseorang untuk mempengaruhi orang – orang lain agar bekerja mencapai tujuan dan sasaran. Manajemen mencakup kepemimmpinan, tetapi juga mencangkup fungsi – fungsi lain seperti perencanaan, pengorganisasian dan pengawasan.

Kepemimpinan adalah sebuah keputusan dan lebih merupakan hasil dari proses perubahan karakter atau transformasi internal dalam diri seseorang. Kepemimpinan bukanlah jabatan atau gelar, melainkan sebuah kelahiran dari proses panjang perubahan dalam diri seseorang. Ketika seseorang menemukan visi dan misi hidupnya, ketika terjadi kedamaian dalam diri (inner peace) dan membentuk bangunan karakter yang kokoh, ketika setiap ucapan dan tindakannya mulai memberikan pengaruh kepada lingkungannya, dan ketika keberadaannya mendorong perubahan dalam organisasinya, pada saat itulah seseorang lahir menjadi pemimpin sejati. Jadi pemimpin bukan sekedar gelar atau jabatan yang diberikan dari luar melainkan sesuatu yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari dalam diri seseorang. Kepemimpinan lahir dari proses internal.

English
LEADERSHIP PAPERCHAPTER IA. INTRODUCTIONIn fact, leadership can affect morale and job satisfaction, safety, quality of work life and especially the level of achievement of an organization. The leaders also play a role in membuntuk keritis group, organization, or community to achieve their goals. Then comes the question: What makes an effective leader?. almost all the people, when presented pertanyaanitu will answer that effective leaders have a nature - nature or specific qualities desired. For example, the charisma, the view ahead, intensity and confidence. It's going to be one topic of discussion in this chapter.

                How well, abilities and skills kepemimpinen dalampengarahan is an important factor for the effectiveness of managers. If an organization can mengidentifisikan qualities - qualities associated with leadership, the ability to select leaders - effective leaders will rise. And if the organization is able to identify behaviors and techniques - techniques of effective leadership, organizations can perhaps mempelejeri various behaviors and techniques, because it will be achieved by effective personnel and organizational development.

                           CHAPTER IIB. THEORY FRAMEWORKManejemen leadership is an important part, but not the same as management. Leadership is the ability of a person belonging to influence people - others to work toward goals and objectives. Management includes kepemimmpinan, but also covers functions - other functions such as planning, organization and supervision.Leadership is a decision and more a result of the process of change in the character or internal transformation within oneself. Leadership is not a position or title, but a birth of a long process of change in a person. When someone finds the vision and mission of his life, when there is peace within ourselves (inner peace) and form a solid character building, when every utterance and action began to give effect to the environment, and when its existence encourages changes in the organization, that's when a person is born a leader true. So the leader is not just a title or position is given from the outside but something that grows and develops from within oneself. Leadership born of internal processes. 

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Dangers of Drinking Water While Eating Ice After

Bahasa Indonesia :

Benarkah minum air es setelah makan itu bahaya? Minum es setelah makan ada manfaat adapula mudhorotnya. supaya lengkap kita bhas saja semuanya manfaat dan kerugian dari minum es setelah makan.


Manfaat Minum Air Es Setelah Makan

Setelah makan biasanya orang lebih memilih untuk minum air hangat ketimbang air es.
Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya mitos bahwa minum air es setelah makan bisa menyebabkan lemak menggumpal, sehingga tubuh akan jadi lebih gemuk atau perut menjadi buncit.

"Ini sebenarnya hanya mitos saja. Yang membuat perut jadi buncit sebenarnya karena perilaku diri, setelah makan langsung tidur," tukas Hendry, Physical Exercise Consultant kepada Kompas Female, saat peluncuran sebuah minuman diet di Jakarta, beberapa waktu lalu.

Banyak orang menganggap bahwa dinginnya air es ini tidak bisa melarutkan lemak, sehingga lemak akan menggumpal dan menumpuk di perut. Hal ini tidaklah benar, menurut Hendry tidak ada hubungannya antara lemak yang menggumpal dan sulit dicerna dengan konsumsi air es setelah makan. Karena, pada dasarnya tubuh manusia memiliki suhu mutlak di dalam tubuh. Saat masuk ke dalam tubuh, suhu makanan dan minuman panas ataupun dingin akan disesuaikan dengan suhu tubuh.

"Rasa dingin ini hanya akan terasa di tenggorokan saja, sehingga saat masuk ke dalam tubuh suhunya jadi suhu tubuh dan tidak menggumpalkan lemak," bebernya.

Air es justru bikin tubuh langsing

Ditambahkan Hendry, sebenarnya air es justru membantu tubuh untuk lebih langsing meski Anda banyak makan. Minum air es setelah makan akan membantu tubuh membakar kalori lebih banyak dibandingkan ketika minum air hangat. Ketika air dingin masuk ke dalam tubuh, secara tak langsung tubuh akan dipaksa untuk menetralkan suhu air tersebut melalui pembakaran lemak dalam tubuh.

Selain untuk menetralkan suhu air dingin dalam tubuh, tubuh yang terkena rangsangan air dingin ini akan bereaksi dan memulai usaha untuk menghangatkan badan, sehingga sebenarnya lemak dan kalori yang terbakar akan lebih banyak. Meskipun ketika minum air hangat kalori juga akan terbakar, namun ternyata tidak sebanyak ketika Anda minum air es.

"Hal ini bisa dianalogikan ketika kita berada di tempat yang bersuhu dingin, pasti akan terasa lapar terus-menerus. Tapi meski demikian, bobot tubuh tidak melonjak naik karena lemaknya digunakan untuk menghangatkan tubuh," bebernya.

Salah satu hal yang banyak disalah artikan ketika minum air hangat setelah makan akan adalah keluarnya keringat yang dianggap sebagai tanda bahwa lemak sudah terbakar. Keluarnya keringat ini bukanlah tanda bahwa kalori sudah terbakar, melainkan lebih berfungsi untuk mendinginkan tubuh.

Minum Air hangat selepas makan

Yang perlu diketahui bukan saja anjuran meminum air panas selepas makan, tetapi berhubungan dengan SERANGAN JANTUNG!.

Orang-orang Jepang dan China telah membiasakan minum Teh Panas atau Sup Panas usai makan dan bukannya air dingin. Ternyata kebiasaan mereka itu dapat mengurangi ataupun menghambat munculnya serangan jantung

Jadi Minum Es ini berbahaya untuk anda yang mengidap penyakit jantung dan berpotensi jantung.

Anda perlu tahu bahwa tanda-tanda serangan jantung akan mulai terasa pada tangan sebelah kiri.

Berhati-hati juga pada permulaan sakit sedikit-sedikit pada bagian atas dada anda.

Anda mungkin tidak akan mengalami sakit dada pada serangan pertama serangan jantung. Keletihan dan berkeringat adalah tanda-tanda pada umumnya. Malah 60% pengidap SAKIT JANTUNG tidak bangun selepas tidur.






English language :

Is it true that drinking ice water after eating the danger? Drinking ice after eating there mudhorotnya unisex benefits. bhas complete so we just all benefits and disadvantages of drinking ice after eating.
Benefits of Drinking Ice Water After EatingAfter eating usually people prefer to drink warm water rather than water ice.This is due to the myth that drinking ice water after eating can cause clumping of fat, so the body will be more fat or belly became distended."It's actually just a myth. Which actually makes the stomach so bloated because of the behavior itself, after eating straight to bed," said Hendry, Physical Exercise Consultant to Female Compass, the launch of a diet drink in Jakarta, some time ago.Many people assume that this ice cold water can not dissolve the fat, so it will clot and accumulate fat in the abdomen. This is not true, according to Hendry has nothing between the clumping of fat and hard to digest with the consumption of ice water after a meal. Because, basically the human body has the absolute temperature in the body. Time of entry into the body, the temperature of food and drinks hot or cold will be adjusted to body temperature."The cold will only be felt in the throat, so the time of entry into the body and the body temperature so the temperature does not coagulate fat," he explained.Ice water actually make your body slimAdded Hendry, actually ice water actually helps the body to be slim even if you eat a lot. Drinking ice water after a meal will help your body burn more calories than when drinking warm water. When cold water enters the body, the body will be indirectly forced to neutralize the water temperature through the burning of fat in the body.In addition to neutralizing the body temperature in the cold water, the body is exposed to cold water stimulation will react and start a business to keep warm, so that the actual fat and calories burned will be more. Although when drinking warm water will also burn calories, but it was not as much as when you drink ice water."This is analogous to when we are in a cold temperature, will definitely feel hungry constantly. But even so, not body weight shot up because the fat is used to warm the body," he explained.One of the things that many misunderstood when drinking warm water after a meal will be sweating that is considered a sign that fat is burned. Sweating is not a sign that the calories are burned, but rather serves to cool the body.
Drinking warm water after a meal
 I need to know not only the recommendation to drink hot water after eating, but dealing with HEART ATTACK!.

    The Japanese and Chinese have used to drink hot tea or hot soup after eating and instead of cold water. It turns out it's a habit they can reduce or inhibit the emergence of heart attack
So Drink Ice is dangerous for those who suffer from heart disease and potentially heart.You need to know that the signs of a heart attack will begin to be felt in the left hand.Also cautious at the beginning of a little pain on the top of your chest.You probably will not experience chest pain of a heart attack on the first attack. Fatigue and sweating are signs in general. In fact 60% of people do not wake Heartburn after sleep.

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The Definition of Harddisk

Hard disk is medium data storage on a computer that consists of a collection of magnetic hard disks and spinning, as well as other electronic components. Hard disks use a flat disc called the platter, which on both sides are coated with a material that is designed to be able to store information magnetically. Platter-platter by punching holes in the center are arranged and rearranged on a spindle. Platter spinning at very high speed which is controlled by the spindle motor that is connected to the spindle. Special literacy electromagnetic tool named head mounted on a slider and is used to store information in a disk or read. Slider mounted on the arm, all of which are connected mechanically to a single collection on the surface of the disc and is connected via a device called the actuator. There was also the logic board to regulate the activity of other components and communicates with the PC.

ATA / EIDE. EIDE hard disk (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) or ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) is the latest version of a stAndard disk interface suitable for connection to the bus. Many manufacturers have a range of disk with a disk interface EIDE / ATA disk can be connected directly to the PCI bus and roomates which is used in many PC (personal computer).

SCSI. Many disks have interfaces designed for connection to a standard SCSI bus. The disks tend to be more expensive, but have better performance which is possible due to excess SCSI bus than the PCI bus. Access to the same can be done for many disk drives as the drive interface is actively connected to the SCSI bus only when the drive is ready to transfer data. This is especially useful in applications where there are a large number of requests for small files, which often happens in a computer used as a file server.

RAID. Promises great performance and provides a large and reliable storage. Disk is used both in high-performance computer and in systems that require dramatically higher reliability than normal levels. However, with the decline in prices to a more affordable level, the disk becomes more attractive even for a computer system with size - average.

SATA. SATA hard disk of the type (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment), the disk interface ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) by using the serial version of the thin cable that has small wires. Total about two-thirds of total hard drive cable with type EIDE or ATA disks are numbered 39 pins and SATA has very high speed data transmission and reducing latency. So, this serial bus is able to exceed the speed of parallel bus.

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Classroom Arrangement

By Debbie Cluff
Introduction

The set up of a classroom is very important to how a classroom is being managed. The teacher needs to make sure his/her classroom is arranged for the students to be productive. The teacher also needs to make sure their classroom has a positive environment for the students as they enter the classroom. Another key fact a teacher needs to consider is that their classroom needs to be ready for learning everyday. This is because in order to manage a classroom with proper discipline, a product and active classroom set-up is important. The students need to be placed in an arrangement that will keep them focused on the lesson and not deter them from learning. In this paper, we will discuss and provide ways for a lower elementary classroom to be set up.

Classroom Arrangement

Our map shows the classroom is arranged in centers. The students will sit in groups of six in four different groups. The reasoning behind the groups is that the students will be able to learn how to work with others. The students will also be able to motivate each other to do their work. The desks are arranged in the middle of the classroom so it will allow the teacher to walk around the room freely. Plus the teacher will be able to control the students in a more compact area. The setting of the desk will also help students to stay on task.

Reading Corner

In the corner of the classroom is a “cozy” reading nook which will contain the classroom library. This area will provide a “home” feeling and help the students to feel relax when they are in this area. The reading nook will also be a place for students to go to when they have completed their work and want to read a book in a cozy are. If a child is able to feel at home in the reading nook this can cut down on behavior problems for the teacher. In the reading nook, this area is a quite place. The reading nook is not located in the same area as everything else in the classroom. By having the reading nook in the corner of the classroom, it will help to promote reading in the classroom.

Centers

The listening center and computer station will be placed on the outside of the classroom. The centers will be facing the walls because the students will be rotating to the varies centers within the classroom. Plus, while students are at their centers they will need to be able to concentrate on their work. Also, located on the outside of the classroom are the storage areas for Science, Math, Art and Writing materials. This storage area allows the students to have a centrally located area to receive and place materials for Science, Math, Art and Writing. Plus, this area will help the teacher to keep his/her classroom organized.

The student’s desk will also serve as centers. During center time students will be able to move around the whole room to gain information. At each group their will be a different theme for students to learn about. By having the centers on both the inside and the outside of the classroom will enable the teacher to focus the students’ attention to their center activity instead of just rotating around the room. This will keep the flow of the classroom and will not give the students time to mess around maintaining classroom structure and discipline.

Teacher’s Desk Location

The teacher’s desk is located in the back of the classroom. The reason of this arrangement is that this will help the teacher to promote a student – centered classroom. By having the desk located in the back of the classroom the teacher will have full sight of his/her entire classroom at all times. Plus, the teacher will only use the desk for paper work. The rest of the time the teacher will be in the same area as the students.

Print Rich Environment

Not only is the arrangement of the desk important to the classroom but the motivation the classroom has to offer the students. To have a print-rich-environment, the teacher needs to have posters and signs that help to promote literature in the classroom. By having posters and signs on the classroom walls and bulletin boards will help the students gain a great deal of experiences with the different types of literature. Plus the students can do a read around the room, while sitting in the reading nook. By providing a print-rich environment, the students will be placed in a positive learning atmosphere that promotes learning thus preventing classroom misconduct.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the arrangement of the classroom is a very key part of how well the students will learn and interact with their classmates and their teacher. If a classroom is disorganized and clustered, then it will be kind of hard for a child to work and learn new skills. Plus, the teacher needs to take time to make sure his/her room is set up for learning because no matter how well your lesson plans are completed and ready to be presented. If the students do not feel comfortable in the room then the lesson plan will be presented in a way the teacher wanted it to.

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Homeschool Teacher Qualifications

Beyond the statistics, when someone talks about homeschooling, usually two points come up. The first is whether the parent is qualified to teach their child, and the second and possibly biggest question to homeschoolers everywhere is about socialization.
Qualification is a big concern because opponents of homeschooling believe that parents do not have the ability to teach children like a certified teacher does. I do agree that teachers have accreditation beyond what typical homeschooling parents do, but I also believe that parents have the ability to teach a child any class that they would need, especially in the elementary years.

Children have an ability in homeschool that is not available to them in a traditional classroom. If a student has a question in class, it might not be the appropriate time to ask the question, or the teacher might be too busy to answer; however, in homeschool if a child has a question, time can be taken to answer the question or look up the answer if it is unknown. I do not believe that everyone knows all of the answers, not even teachers; after all they are human as well. Dave Arnold of the National Education Association (NEA) stated, “You would think that they might leave this—the shaping of their children’s minds, careers, and futures—to trained professionals” (Arnold, 2008, p. 1). Why would it make more sense to leave these important factors in a child’s life to a person who the child will only be under for a year, who does not have time to develop the child’s strengths and weaknesses and provide one-on-one time with the child? After all even Albert Einstein homeschooled.

However, parents who aren’t confident about teaching higher level classes now have resources to supplement them such as online or correspondence courses, co-ops, and community college classes (Fagan, 2007, p. 1). With these classes—usually utilized in math or science but available in all subjects—students have the benefit of a teacher knowledgeable in the subject, tutoring and usually access to the teacher for specific help. This closely resembles the online courses being offered at community colleges.

While I do disagree with the statement that parents are not qualified to teach their children, I believe that there should be end of year testing. This requirement is on a state to state guideline, and I believe that it should be made mandatory so that a parent can prove that homeschooling is effective for the child. If public school children are required to take these tests, then so should homeschoolers. Virginia law states that all families must register [with their local school district] on a per yearly basis and submit results of professional standardized testing scores (similar to SOL) although there is an option of “religious exemption” that does not require any end of year testing (Fagan, 2007, p. 3). The study “Strengths of Their Own: Home Schoolers Across America” also found that students ranged in the 86th percentile “regardless of state regulation,” whether a state had no regulations or a large amount of regulations (Klicka, 2006, p. 2). These statistics show that state regulations on testing, on what degree of certification a parent has (which can range from no high school diploma to certified teacher to holder of a non-relational bachelors degree), compulsory attendance laws, etc., all have no significance in regards to scores achieved on tests.

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HOW TO COMPETE WITH A COMPUTER IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

It is rather hard to compete with the computer when doing economic analysis. This is because computers are quite good at doing math once they are programmed, and although economics isn’t an exact science, those who study it, do the research, and use the tools certainly see it as such. Meaning they will use these equations to guestimate the future trends. Nevertheless, just as one can be a technical analyst in the stock market, there is something to be said for the fundamentals, and the black Swan events which change the stock chart trends. Okay so let’s talk about all this for second shall we?
How can a human being compete with a computer that analyzes data in this way when predicting economic trends and doing economic analysis? Well, I would submit to you that one third of the performance of the economy has to do with perception. Perception can come in many forms, and it can also change like the wind. That does not always show up in the data, for instance consumers are fickle, and many of the decisions made by CEOs have to do with government intervention on trade, regulations, and taxation policies.

The data does not always show when a politician is going to come up with a new law which inhibits business, or helps pick winners and losers in the market, or changes the entire dynamics of an industry which has a cascading effect on the rest of the economy. Then there are severe disruption such as natural disasters, wars, and civil unrest. And let’s not forget the increasingly pervasive black swan catastrophic economic events. Bubbles that get blown too big, burst too soon, or hit you like a ton of bricks out of the blue. The data doesn’t always show that, are you beginning to see my point?

That doesn’t mean that the technical analyst studying the economy either on a macro or micro level doesn’t have the advantage, and generally they will be right most of the time, along with the AI computers they use doing the leg-work. If such a system is completely automated with artificially intelligent software, and that computer also works with probability, it may be right even more of the time. But it won’t be right all of the time.
That’s where human beings might still have the advantage. Sometimes there are anomalies which are not seen readily in the data, or not recognized for some unforeseen reason. Therefore, in this year, 2012 humans are still needed for economic analysis, perhaps after years of artificial intelligence and learning machines on the job such a fact may not be true anymore, but today it is. Please consider all this and think on it.

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WHEN SHOULD KIDS START SPORTS?

It's not easy to determine how early to start children in organized sports. Children of the same age vary considerably in their physical and psychological maturation, and there is no practical method of measuring maturity. Assuming the child has shown interest, five or six is the generally accepted earliest starting age for organized team sports. At the early ages participation should be limited to sports that involve a lot of physical activity and encourage the development of major motor muscles.

Children in grades 1 - 4 can benefit most from games that are modified to meet their needs and abilities. Play and fun are more important to this age group than highly structured sports that emphasize the outcome rather than the process. Parents and coaches are usually the ones concerned about winning and losing. When helping your child select a sport, keep balance in mind. Encourage your children to try many sports and activities when young and not to think of specializing or playing competitively until they reach middle school. Make sure a balance also occurs between adult organized activities and free playtime. Children need time to just be kids and to play with other kids without a set of rules or adult involvement.

The most important decisions to make, are which youth sports organizations and which coaches are best for your child. Make sure that you take the time to find out about the league, its leaders and coaches. Better yet, get involved and volunteer to coach. Participating in sports is a healthy way, both physically and socially, for your children to channel their youthful energy in a positive direction. Make sure your children's first experience encourages them to begin a lifelong interest in physical activities and good health.

There are many other options besides team sports available to a child who wants to participate in sports. Parents should also encourage their children to become involved in individual and lifetime sports such as bowling, golf, swimming, tennis, gymnastics and martial arts. You can find information about these sports by visiting the facilities or through the yellow pages of the phone book.

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